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Are Low-Carbohydrate
Diets the Key to Weight Loss?
While people do lose weight on
just about any kind of diet, including low-carbohydrate diets,
temporary weight loss is not recommended. Instead, lifelong weight
control and good health need to be the focus of weight-loss efforts.
Here are some facts to consider before embarking on a weight-loss
program.
The popularity of
low-carbohydrate diets is rising once again. Many readers will
remember that these diets were also popular during the 1970s. While
scientists understand more about the metabolism of nutrients such as
fats and carbohydrates today than they did 30 years ago, their basic
recommendations for healthful weight loss have not changed very
much, and most do not recommend low-carbohydrate diets. While people
do lose weight on just about any kind of diet, including
low-carbohydrate diets, temporary weight loss is not recommended.
Instead, lifelong weight control and good health need to be the
focus of weight-loss efforts. Here are some facts to consider before
embarking on a weight-loss program.
Consume fewer calories than you burn
Weight loss occurs when your body must draw on its energy reserves;
hopefully, its abundant stores of body fat. Most nutritionists agree
that people lose weight on low-carbohydrate diets because they eat
fewer calories than usual when their food choices are so limited.
Research has shown that diets high in fruits, vegetables and whole
grains are associated with many important long-term health
benefits. Plant foods, including fruits, vegetables and whole grains,
contain many important vitamins and minerals. They also contain many
different kinds of fiber, and we need plenty of fiber to stay
healthy. We also need the hundreds of phytochemicals (literally,
"plant chemicals") found in plants, including the antioxidants and
other chemicals that help prevent cancer and heart disease.
Nutrition research has repeatedly found many health benefits
associated with the consumption of plenty of fruits, vegetables and
whole grains. |
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Reduce
intake of empty calories
Classifying all carbohydrates as "bad" belies the complicated nature
of food. There are different kinds of carbohydrates, and we don't
eat carbohydrates, we eat food. It is true that many
carbohydrate-containing foods should make only occasional
appearances on the plate. Most people need to limit consumption of
refined carbohydrates, including products with refined flour, white
sugar and other added sugars. Candies, cookies, pastries and other
similar products contain little nutritive value, and many of these
foods are high in calories, fats and carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates don't make you fat; too many calories do
Some authors of low-carbohydrate diet books blame obesity on
carbohydrates and the hormone insulin. Insulin lowers blood sugar by
helping the sugar get from the blood stream into the cells, where it
can be used for energy or stored for later, as glycogen or fat. But
it is not just the presence of insulin that causes obesity; obesity
results when you eat more calories than you burn.
Eating a lot of meat may not be healthy
Meat is a good source of many important nutrients, including
vitamins and minerals. Meat is also a source of protein. While we
need some protein, too much protein may eventually harm liver and
kidney function. High-protein intakes also increase risk of kidney
stones, osteoporosis, colon cancer and possibly prostate cancer.
Meat, especially red meat, is often high in fat, especially
saturated fats, which are associated with increased risk of heart
disease. |
Exercise regularly
The best way to lose weight is to get plenty of physical activity,
and consume reasonable portions of nutritious food. People seem to
lose weight on almost any kind of diet, but it is often a temporary
loss that is regained once the dieter resumes "normal" eating
habits.
People who lose weight and keep it off almost always exercise for
one hour or more each day. Exercise burns calories and helps to rev
up a sluggish metabolism. Exercise contributes to long-term health
not only by preventing obesity, but by reducing risk of
hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis and colon
cancer.
Stay balanced
A good diet contains carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Healthful
sources of carbohydrates include fruits, vegetables, whole grains and
legumes. Health-promoting fats are found in vegetable oils,
avocados, mayonnaise, nuts and fish. But even "good" foods can cause
obesity when consumed in excess. Balancing energy intake with energy
expenditure is the only road to lifelong weight control and disease
prevention.
By
Barbara A. Brehm, Ed.D. Professor of exercise and sport studies
at Smith College, Northampton, Mass.
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