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Are Low-Carbohydrate Diets the Key to Weight Loss?

 

While people do lose weight on just about any kind of diet, including low-carbohydrate diets, temporary weight loss is not recommended. Instead, lifelong weight control and good health need to be the focus of weight-loss efforts. Here are some facts to consider before embarking on a weight-loss program.

The popularity of low-carbohydrate diets is rising once again. Many readers will remember that these diets were also popular during the 1970s. While scientists understand more about the metabolism of nutrients such as fats and carbohydrates today than they did 30 years ago,

their basic recommendations for healthful weight loss have not changed very much, and most do not recommend low-carbohydrate diets. While people do lose weight on just about any kind of diet, including low-carbohydrate diets, temporary weight loss is not recommended. Instead, lifelong weight control and good health need to be the focus of weight-loss efforts. Here are some facts to consider before embarking on a weight-loss program.

Consume fewer calories than you burn

Weight loss occurs when your body must draw on its energy reserves; hopefully, its abundant stores of body fat. Most nutritionists agree that people lose weight on low-carbohydrate diets because they eat fewer calories than usual when their food choices are so limited.

Research has shown that diets high in fruits, vegetables and whole grains are associated with many important long-term health benefits. Plant foods, including fruits, vegetables and whole grains, contain many important vitamins and minerals. They also contain many different kinds of fiber, and we need plenty of fiber to stay healthy. We also need the hundreds of phytochemicals (literally, "plant chemicals") found in plants, including the antioxidants and other chemicals that help prevent cancer and heart disease. Nutrition research has repeatedly found many health benefits associated with the consumption of plenty of fruits, vegetables and whole grains.

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     Reduce intake of empty calories

Classifying all carbohydrates as "bad" belies the complicated nature of food. There are different kinds of carbohydrates, and we don't eat carbohydrates, we eat food. It is true that many carbohydrate-containing foods should make only occasional appearances on the plate. Most people need to limit consumption of refined carbohydrates, including products with refined flour, white sugar and other added sugars. Candies, cookies, pastries and other similar products contain little nutritive value, and many of these foods are high in calories, fats and carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates don't make you fat; too many calories do

Some authors of low-carbohydrate diet books blame obesity on carbohydrates and the hormone insulin. Insulin lowers blood sugar by helping the sugar get from the blood stream into the cells, where it can be used for energy or stored for later, as glycogen or fat. But it is not just the presence of insulin that causes obesity; obesity results when you eat more calories than you burn.

Eating a lot of meat may not be healthy

Meat is a good source of many important nutrients, including vitamins and minerals. Meat is also a source of protein. While we need some protein, too much protein may eventually harm liver and kidney function. High-protein intakes also increase risk of kidney stones, osteoporosis, colon cancer and possibly prostate cancer. Meat, especially red meat, is often high in fat, especially saturated fats, which are associated with increased risk of heart disease.

Exercise regularly

The best way to lose weight is to get plenty of physical activity, and consume reasonable portions of nutritious food. People seem to lose weight on almost any kind of diet, but it is often a temporary loss that is regained once the dieter resumes "normal" eating habits.

People who lose weight and keep it off almost always exercise for one hour or more each day. Exercise burns calories and helps to rev up a sluggish metabolism. Exercise contributes to long-term health not only by preventing obesity, but by reducing risk of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, osteoporosis and colon cancer.

Stay balanced

A good diet contains carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Healthful sources of carbohydrates include fruits, vegetables, whole grains and legumes. Health-promoting fats are found in vegetable oils, avocados, mayonnaise, nuts and fish. But even "good" foods can cause obesity when consumed in excess. Balancing energy intake with energy expenditure is the only road to lifelong weight control and disease prevention.

By Barbara A. Brehm, Ed.D. Professor of exercise and sport studies at Smith College, Northampton, Mass.
 

 

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