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The art of falconry
A SHORT HISTORY OF FALCONRY There is no hard evidence as to exactly when and where man
1st trained a bird of prey, but the art of falconry was already well
established in the Middle and Far East by 2000 BC.
It seems likely that the Romans were taught falconry from the Greeks and, although the practice does not appear to have become very popular, there are references to Caesar using falcons to destroy pigeons carrying messages. Falconry is the sport of hunting wild prey with trained hawks or falcons. A Japanese writer, Ahizato Pito (1808), wrote that falcons were given as presents to Chinese princes of the Hiu dynasty around 2200 BC. The British bibliographer Harting reported a bas-relief probably showing a falconer in the ruins of Khosabad, dated to around 1700 BC. However, these early records might represent the keeping of companion animals or pets rather than true falconry. Nonetheless, the earliest indisputable evidence of falconry comes from the Far East. Many falconry terms come from French, including bowsing for drinking, from the French "boire", and austringer for a trainer of accipiters, from the French "autour" for goshawk. Falconry also thrived during the 1st millennium in the Middle East, with a 1st treatise in Arabic in the Eighth or Ninth century. |
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The Arabs gave much advice to the crusaders, probably including the use of the hood. Hooded birds are protected from alarming sights during training, and from seeing other hawks or prey at inappropriate moments during hunting expeditions. Falconry was responsible for the earliest legislation protecting raptors: Henry VII of England protected goshawk nests "in pain of a year and a day's imprisonment." The English Boke of St Albans reported that falcons were flown mainly to provide spectacular flights for the aristocracy, whereas a goshawk "for a yeoman" was expected to keep the larder well stocked with common small-game. Thus the doings of common austringers went mostly unrecorded, compared with the falcons in the writings and paintings of the ruling classes. However, Shakespeare's use of falconry metaphors in many of his plays shows that falconry was as well understood in Tudor Britain as soccer is today. |
Falconry still continues to flourish in the Middle East and Asia to the present day, following for the most part the old tradition of trapping young hawks or falcons in the fall, hunting with them in winter and releasing then back into the wild in the spring. However, falconry lost it's popularity in Europe with the development of efficient weapons, and by the late Eighteenth century was restricted to a few landowners, mainly in Britain. these landowners formed a series of clubs that kept the art of falconry alive, leading eventually to a rebirth and modern development of falconry in Europe, North America and Africa.
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