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exercise for a good nights sleep.
Good sleep is right up there with good nutrition
and regular exercise to prevent injury and illness, and to keep the body
functioning in top form physically, mentally and spiritually.
Sleep problems often go untreated. People attribute
insomnia to stress, a hectic pace of life or to getting older. In
fact, sleeping problems have reached epidemic proportions in the
U.S., with about one-third of the adult population reporting
problems sleeping within the past year.
While a few nights of lost sleep may hardly be noticed, cumulative
sleep loss has debilitating and even fatal effects. Poor judgment
and other declines in cognitive performance lead to increased risk
of accident and injury. Quality of life decreases dramatically if
fatigue dominates the day. When short on sleep, people tend to
overeat and under-exercise. (I'm too tired to go for a walk! I think
I'll watch television and eat some chips instead.)
How much sleep do I need?
Sleep requirements vary from person to person, but experts believe
most people need from seven to nine hours a night. You may need more
sleep if you are under extra stress or getting sick. You know you
are getting enough sleep if you wake up in the morning before the
alarm goes off, feel refreshed and rested, and if you are alert
throughout the day.
Do older people need less sleep?
While older people don't necessarily need less sleep, sleep patterns
do sometimes change with age. Older people tend to sleep less in one
stretch, get less of the deeper stages of sleep and awaken more
easily. The same factors, such as exercise, that improve sleep
quality for younger adults help older adults sleep better as well.
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What causes insomnia?
While stress is the leading cause of short-term insomnia, sleep
difficulties may also be caused by a variety of illnesses,
medications or lifestyle factors such as work schedule or
caffeine consumption. If sleep problems persist for more than
two weeks, consult your doctor to determine what is causing the
problem.
Sleep problems can persist and worsen over time, so never ignore
them. Preventing full-blown sleeping disorders takes less time
and energy, and less of a toll on your health, than "curing"
them once they have become a "habit."
Does exercise improve sleep habits?
Many people find they sleep better when they exercise regularly.
Exercise relaxes the body and calms the mind. It also helps
reduce depression and anxiety -- two common causes of sleep
problems. Exercise also signals to the body that more and deeper
sleep at night is needed, although how this occurs is unknown.
Improvements in sleep are not always immediate; they may not be
apparent until a week or two after beginning an exercise
program.
What kind of exercise works best?
Regular, somewhat vigorous exercise seems to work best for most
people, but the exact type and amount varies from person to
person. You may wish to work with a personal trainer or exercise
instructor to design a program that works best for you,
especially if you are new to exercise. Endurance exercise such
as walking, swimming or cycling, performed for 30 to 60 minutes,
three to five days a week is commonly prescribed for improving
sleep quality in healthy adults. (Check with your doctor before
assuming this amount is right for you.) |
Ironically, too much exercise can interfere with sleep.
Avoid overdoing it. Begin at a reasonable level, in an activity you enjoy,
and increase exercise volume gradually to avoid injury and sleep problems.
When should I exercise?
Mid to late afternoon is the standard time of day recommended for people who
exercise to improve sleep quality. However, if your schedule does not
accommodate this timing, exercise whenever you can. Some people find that
evening exercise winds them up, while others find it helps them sleep.
Experiment to find the time that works best for you.
By Barbara A. Brehm, Ed.D. A professor of exercise and sport studies at
Smith College, Northampton, Mass.
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Warming up
is always a good idea. When your metabolic rate increases slowly, your
energy production systems have time to adjust.
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