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oral contraceptives and your heart
are women at risk of a heart attack The newly published findings are from a large study started in 1986 by WHO/HRP, which is co-sponsored by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), WHO and the World Bank.
The study, coordinated at the University College London Medical School, London, England, was conducted in 21 centers in 17 countries (12 developing and 5 developed), and involved 368 women with acute myocardial infarction (cases) and 941 women who did not have the disease (controls). The main aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the pill and other hormonal contraceptives with regard to the risk of cardiovascular disease. Special attention was paid to evaluating this risk in women in developing countries as this information was not previously available. |
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Most of the information available at the time
the WHO study was started came from developed countries and related to older
brands of the pill that contained higher amounts of hormones. (See also
previous press releases, namely WHO/92 of 15 December 1995 and WHO/55 of 22
August 1996.) The data available for the study of heart attack did not show a consistent difference in the risk of heart attack according to type of pill - i.e., those with higher or lower doses of estrogen. Also, as there were very few women in the study who were using pills containing the newer progestogens, gestodene and desogestrel, little could be learned about these types of pill and the risk of heart attack. Dr Neil Poulter of the Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London Medical School, London, England, noted that, "Smoking, age over 35, and high blood pressure are serious risk factors for heart attack in women using the pill. |
Since high blood pressure is also an important risk factor for stroke, the best way to ensure that pill users remain free from stroke and heart attack is to screen them for risk factors of cardiovascular disease before prescribing the pill and regularly during pill use". He also added that, "In the case of women who currently use the pill and smoke, they should be strongly encouraged to stop smoking."
Dr Olav Meirik, Head of the Research Component on Surveillance and Evaluation of HRP emphasized that, "Findings from this study provide further assurance that the pill is a safe contraceptive option for young healthy women in developing and developed countries".
Read the first part of this article... The overall relative risk of heart attack for all pill users of all ages in the study was increased if they smoked or if they had high blood pressure.
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